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翻訳と辞書　辞書検索 [ 開発暫定版 ] スポンサード リンク grand potential ： ウィキペディア英語版 grand potential The grand potential is a quantity used in statistical mechanics, especially for irreversible processes in open systems. The grand potential is the characteristic state function for the grand canonical ensemble. ==Definition== Grand potential is defined by :$$ \Phi_ \ \stackrel\ U - T S - \mu N where U is the internal energy, ''T'' is the temperature of the system, ''S'' is the entropy, μ is the chemical potential, and ''N'' is the number of particles in the system. The change in the grand potential is given by :$$ \begin d\Phi_ & = dU - TdS - SdT - \mu dN - Nd\mu \\ & = - P dV - S dT - N d\mu \end where ''P'' is pressure and ''V'' is volume, using the fundamental thermodynamic relation (combined first and second thermodynamic laws); :$dU\; =\; TdS\; -\; PdV\; +\; \backslash mu\; dN$ When the system is in thermodynamic equilibrium, Φ''G'' is a minimum. This can be seen by considering that dΦ''G'' is zero if the volume is fixed and the temperature and chemical potential have stopped evolving. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「grand potential」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.